One of my favorite teachers in college used to say that the biggest problem with most of us is that we insist that the world is painted in black and white when it is really painted in technicolor.
Sometimes, there are cases where it seems as if everybody is wrong and everybody is right at the same time.
Back in September, a Danish newspaper pushed the limits of journalistic freedom about as far they can go. In an effort to editorialize about the freedom of expression and self-censorship, the Jyllands-Posten published twelve cartoon caricatures of the Prophet Mohammed. The cartoons were subsequently re-published in several European newspapers. While there was little reaction in the Muslim world in September, there has been plenty of reaction recently.
Several of these renderings are unflattering representations of the Prophet but that is beside the point. To most Muslims, any rendering of an image of Mohammed is considered blasphemous and offensive. Exercising my own self-censorship, I’m not going to provide a link to the images in question. But if you want to see what they look like, I would suggest trying Wikipedia.
Over the last several days, Muslims have been rioting in Middle Eastern cities and several governments in the region have demanded that the newspapers and their governments apologize. But for some Muslims, even an apology may not be enough. The leader of the Palestinian group Hamas has called the cartoons “an unforgivable insult” that merits punishment by death. The Danish embassies in Beirut and Damascus have been attacked by mobs and set on fire and several nations have severed economic ties with Danish companies.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s public statement on the Muslim demonstrations is representative of the balancing act that the governments of the West have been forced into: “Freedom of the press is one of the great assets as a component of democracy, but we also have the value and asset of freedom of religion.” For its part, the Bush administration has likewise criticized the publication of the cartoons but has also been careful to not condemn press freedom.
This is not the first time that Muslims have responded viscerally to alleged blasphemy in the Western press. My first immediate thought when I heard about the caricatures case was the death warrant issued against Salman Rushdie by the Ayatollah Khomeini for Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses in 1989.
But there is no excuse for a host government allowing an embassy or consulate to be stormed by a mob. It is a violation of written and customary international law and the governments of Syria and Lebanon should be held accountable. To its credit, the Lebanese government has issued an apology to Denmark for the violence and the destruction of its mission in Beirut.
But the demand from Muslim leaders to have the European newspapers in question censured by their governments illustrates a lack of understanding about press freedom in Western societies. While it is true that in many parts of the world (like Syria) the press can only publish what the government allows, this is not the case in the West. It also serves re-enforce the view held by many Westerners that political pluralism can’t possibly work in the Middle East. A truly democratic society is based on an understanding that all ideas are open to criticism. Even in the West, it has been difficult at times to accept this principle as it applies to religious dogma.
On the other hand, I have to say that I admire the Islamic world’s veneration of what it considers to be holy. I just can’t accept the idea that when those symbols are not treated with the respect they believe they deserve that the appropriate response is a riot.
Self-censorship may be bad at times but it is certainly preferable to living in a society where the government or a group of self-appointed Talibanists are in charge of deciding what is worth publishing in a newspaper and what is not.